Understanding Functional Communication: Supporting Children to Express Their Needs

Functional communication refers to an individual’s ability to communicate effectively in order to express their feelings, needs, wants and experiences. It begins to emerge from an early age, with children initially communicating through gestures, facial expressions and signs before progressing towards first words, phrases and, eventually, longer sentences.

Every child develops communication skills at their own pace. For children with different abilities, functional communication may emerge differently or develop at a slower pace (California Scottish Rite Foundation, 2026). Regardless of the form it takes, functional communication provides an important foundation for emotional regulation, coping strategies and participation in everyday activities.